浅 谈 单 项 填 空 解 题 策 略
单项填空题在英语试卷中占15分，主要检测学生的基本语法和词汇知识掌握情况，近年来的试题加大了对学生语言应用能力的考察力度。然而很多同学由于在学习中不能有效地掌握做题方法和技巧，失分较多。下面我结合典型例题归纳该题型的解题方法，抛砖引玉，以帮助学生提高英语成绩。
方法一：结构分析法
分析法是通过对句子语法结构的分析，明确认识题干中不同语法结构形式的内在联系，准确找出解题切入点，再根据语法需要去处理。这种方法对长句和复杂句的解题有显著的效果。
1. In my opinion, the way you thought of the problem is wonderful.
A. solving B. to solve C. being solved D. to be solved
解析：B，易误选A。排除空格前of 介词的干扰，关键抓住题干中you thought of 为the way 的定语从句，引导词which/ that 做宾语被省略，去掉这个从句的干扰，在B和D中不难做出正确判断。
2. When he entered the room, he found the window he had had was broken again.
A. it repaired B. it repairing C. repaired D. repairing
解析：C。关键在找出主干结构he found the window was broken again. 理解the window带了定语从句，再结合have sth. done 句型选出答案。
3. The findings suggest staff enjoy jobs they face challenges that push them to “learn new skills”.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
解析：B，易误选A。该题考查从句知识。
从句的解题大体可按照以下步骤：（1）、结合空格在句中的位置和空前的关键词确定从句类型，如定语从句、名词性从句等；如： he told me about the meeting yesterday was 分别为主语、表语和同位语从句。)（2）分析从句结构是否完整；（3）、依据“缺什么补什么”的原则确定答案。we should solve the problem more and more trees are being cut down on a large scale. (_
方法二：结构简化法
命题人常会通过增加句子成分或插入语，故意使句子结构复杂化，从而影响学生正常的解题思路。解答这类试题的方法是：看清句子附加的次要信息成分，隐去作为枝叶的某一句子成分或插入语，简化结构，再着手理解句意，找到解决问题的突破口，迅速找到答案。
4. It was the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. having repaired
解析：B。该题巧妙地考查了spend time/money (in) doing sth.短语，但套用在强调句型It was…that 中句子结构就看似复杂了。
5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
解析：C。this year 后跟了一个非限定性定语从句。从句前插入了时间状语for the first time in years。如果不考虑这一时间状语的限制，结构就简化，意思也明朗多了。
方法三：补全信息法
省略是语言运用中常见的现象，试题中句子成分的省略加大了试题的难度。补全信息法就是解题时尽量把题干中被省略的部分补全，有助于理解句子结构，看清题意，从而找出正确的答案。
6. When help, one often says “Thank you ” or “It’s kind of you”.
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
解析：D。该题考查非谓语动词短语做状语，显然When 是省略结构，根据省略知识可以扩展为When one is 选D。help, help
7. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. , their political influence should be very great.
A. As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far
解析：C。根据句意可把空格内容补充为Even the power has been lost，做出正确选择。
方法四：语境信息法
现在考题中单纯考察语法和词汇题比例较少，更多地考察语境中语言综合知识的应用，而学生解这类题时经常会由于思维定势而误入歧途。
8. The wind is a wonderful thing. It starts working the minute you
born and never stops.
A. were B. will be C. are D. has been
解析：C。由于思维习惯学生容易选择A, 但根据情景和stops 一词提示应理解为现在时态, 译为: 呼吸是件奇妙的事情, 从你一生下来就开始而且永不停息。
9. ---We could have walked to the station. It was so near.
---Yes. A taxi at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. won’t be C. wouldn’t be D. hadn’t been
解析: A。由于题干中有could have walked虚拟语气结构, 学生容易选择C, 但根据对话情景应理解为对过去的事实描述, 选A。
方法五：结构还原法
还原法即通过转换句型来还原句子的本来面目，明确题意，从而有利于找出正确答案, 对于学生适应形式变化多样的考题来说很有帮助。常见的还原法有以下几种类型：
(1)、被动语态还原为主动语态；
(2)、复合句分解成简单句；
(3)、疑问句还原成陈述句；
(4)、感叹句还原为陈述句；
(5)、倒装语序还原为正常语序；
(6)、强调结构还原为原始结构。
10. As is known to all, it was after drinking that resulted in the terrible car accident.
A. because of his driving B. his driving
C. because he drove D. when he drove
解析: B。学生容易根据句意理解选择A 或C, 但去掉强调结构之后原句缺少主语, 需要选择能做主语的答案, 故选B。
11. Do you think it any good again?
A. trying B. try C. to try D. for you to try
解析: A。易误选D, 把原句转化成陈述句I find it any good 结合good 当“好处, 益处”讲的句型, 答案为A。again.
以上我谈了几种常见单项填空解题的方法和技巧, 总之，学生要适应灵活多变的新题型，首先应在平时学习中注重基础的词汇和语法知识的学习，教师应针对不同的题型，有的放矢地指导学生做题时注意避免思维定势，仔细审题, 抓住题干提供的关键信息, 采用灵活恰当的方法加强练习，使学生做到“熟能生巧”，相信一定会在单项填空解题中有所突破。